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Use of single-dose nevirapine for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: does development of resistance matter?

McConnell MS, Stringer JS, Kourtis AP, Weidle PJ, Eshleman SH

Thailand-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand. zmd8@cdc.gov

Nevirapine resistance has been detected in a considerable proportion of women after single-dose nevirapine (SD-NVP) for the prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission. As a result, concern has been raised about the effectiveness of subsequent nevirapine-based treatment. Studies in Thailand, Botswana, and South Africa have assessed virologic treatment response after SD-NVP. These studies did not find any significant difference in virologic response for women who began treatment >6 months after SD-NVP exposure. Two studies found worse response rates in women when treatment was initiated within 6 months of SD-NVP exposure. Furthermore, 2 studies found no difference in human immunodeficiency virus transmission rates from mother to child after the receipt of SD-NVP in repeat pregnancies. These data support the use of SD-NVP as 1 option for the prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission in resource-limited settings, particularly in settings where more complex regimens are not yet available. Further research in the optimization of perinatal prevention regimens is needed.

Published 10 September 2007 in Am J Obstet Gynecol, 197(3): S56-63.
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